Sources and Bibliography

The texts listed under each section correspond to the sources used to write the actual exhibit texts. Quotes can be found in the sources.

Packer the Industrialist:

1. Stuart, Milton C. "Asa Packer, 1805-1879: A Connecticut Yankee in King Coal's Court". An address from 1940.
2. An Outline of the Career of the Hon. Asa Packer, of Pennsylvania. 1867.

1. Stuart, Milton C. "Asa Packer, 1805-1879: A Connecticut Yankee in King Coal's Court". An address from 1940. 
2. U.S. History: Pre-Columbian to the New Millennium. 
3. Hackett, Lewis. "Industrialization: The First Phase". International World History Project. 1992.

1. Stuart, Milton C. "Asa Packer, 1805-1879: A Connecticut Yankee in King Coal's Court". An address from 1940.
2. U.S. History: Pre-Columbian to the New Millennium.
3. Hackett, Lewis. "Industrialization: The First Phase". International World History Project. 1992.
4. Parton, W. Julian. The Death of a Great Company: Reflections on the Decline and Fall of the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company.
5. Mathews, Alfred and Hungerford, Austin N. History of the Counties of Lehigh and Carbon in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 1884.
6. Henry, Mathew Schropp. History of the Lehigh Valley. 1860.
7. Brenckman, Fred. History of Carbon County, Pennsylvania. Second Edition. 1918. 

1. Stuart, Milton C. "Asa Packer, 1805-1879: A Connecticut Yankee in King Coal's Court". An address from 1940.
2. Coleman, Lyman. Guide-Book of the Lehigh Valley Railroad and Its Several Branches and Connections. 1873.
3. U.S. History: Pre-Columbian to the New Millennium.
4. McVey, John B. Coal, Fire, Iron, and Steam: Hopkin Thomas and the American Industrial Revolution. 2011.
5. Gerard, Felix R. "The Lehigh Valley Railroad, 1846-1946: A Centenary Address. 1946.
6. Yates, W. Ross. Asa Packer: A Perspective. 1983.
7. Cole, Robert C. Asa Packer. 1968.
8. An Outline of the Career of the Hon. Asa Packer, of Pennsylvania. 1867.

1. Stuart, Milton C. "Asa Packer, 1805-1879: A Connecticut Yankee in King Coal's Court". An address from 1940.
2. Coleman, Lyman. Guide-Book of the Lehigh Valley Railroad and Its Several Branches and Connections. 1873.
3. In the Court of Common Pleas of Carbon County, Asa Packer vs. Joseph Noble, et. al.
4. "Lehigh Valley Railroad Company Annual Reports of Superintendent and Engineer, 1855 to 1863". Published in 1899.

1. Coleman, Lyman. Guide-Book of the Lehigh Valley Railroad and Its Several Branches and Connections. 1873.
2. McClure, Alexander Kelly. Old Time Notes of Pennsylvania. Volume One. 1905.
3. Mathews, Alfred and Hungerford, Austin N. History of the Counties of Lehigh and Carbon in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 1884.
4. Stuart, Milton C. "Asa Packer, 1805-1879: A Connecticut Yankee in King Coal's Court". An address from 1940.
5. Newspapers:    
   1. "The Late Asa Packer". The Railroad Gazette. Excerpted from the Philadelphia Times, 5/18/1879.

1. Lavelle, John P. The Hard Coal Docket.
2. Committee on the Judiciary, General, of the State of Pennsylvania, in Relation to the Anthracite Coal Difficulties

1. Yates, W. Ross. Asa Packer: A Perspective. 1983.
2. "Last Will and Testament of the Hon. Asa Packer". 1879.
3. Coleman, Lyman. Guide-Book of the Lehigh Valley Railroad and Its Several Branches and Connections. 1873.
4. Brenckman, Fred. History of Carbon County, Pennsylvania. Second Edition. 1918.

1. "Packer Family History". The Asa Packer Mansion Museum Website. 2016.
2. McClure, Alexander Kelly. Old Time Notes of Pennsylvania. Volume One. 1905.
3. Coppee, Henry. "Asa Packer: Memorial Address". 1879.
4. Lehigh Valley Railroad Company. "Twenty-Fifth Annual Report of the Board of Directors of the Lehigh Valley Rail Road Company, to the Stockholders". January 20, 1880. (Note: Quotation is copied from the meeting minutes of the Board of Directors of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company from June 10, 1879).

Packer the Politician:

1. Asa Packer Biographical File, SC MS 058, Lehigh University Special Collections
2. http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/legis/66H.pdf
3. http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/legis/67H.pdf

1. Lavelle, John P. The Hard Coal Docket 
2. http://www.carboncourts.com/archives.htm
3. Reports of the Heads of Departments Transmitted to the Governor of the Commonwealth in Pursuance of Law, for the Financial Year Ending November 30, 1844
4. Appletons’ Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1879
5. Newspapers:
   The Daily Atlas, 7/17/1843, 7/26/1843, and 8/11/1843
   The North American, 8/3/1843

1. Collins, Bruce, “Ideology of the Ante-Bellum Northern Democrats,” Journal of American Studies, vol. 11, no. 1 (Apr., 1977), 103-121.
2. Etcheson, Nicole. Bleeding Kansas.
3. Forney, John W. Anecdotes of Public Men, volume 1. 
4. Nichols, Roy F. “The Kansas-Nebraska Act: A Century of Historiography,” The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol. 43, no. 2 (Sep., 1956), 187-212.
5. Schimmel, Elliott Lawrence. “William H. English and the Politics of Self-Deception, 1845-1861.” Ph.D. diss., The Florida State University, 1986.
6. Newspaper:
   New York Herald, 7/23/1856

1. http://www.lincoln.edu/node/1340/special-collections-and-archives/digital-collections/library-colonization-society
2. Burin, Eric. “Rethinking Northern White Support for the African Colonization Movement: The Pennsylvania Colonization Society as an Agent of Emancipation,” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 127, no. 2 (Apr. 2003), 197-229.
3. Tomek, Beverley. Colonization and its Discontents: Emancipation, Emigration, and antislavery in antebellum Pennsylvania

1. William E. Smith, The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics, vol 2.
2. Bradley, Erwin Stanley. “Post-Bellum Politics in Pennsylvania, 1866-1872.” Ph.D. diss., The Pennsylvania State University, 1952.
3. Newspapers:
   The Daily Cleveland Herald, 7/7/1868 and 7/8/1868
   Boston Daily Advertiser, 7/6/1868

1. Bradley, Erwin Stanley. “Post-Bellum Politics in Pennsylvania, 1866-1872.” Ph.D. diss., The Pennsylvania State University, 1952.
2. Lavelle, John P. The Hard Coal Docket 
3. McClure, Alexander K. Old Time Notes
4. Newspapers:
   Bedford Gazette, 7/30/1869
   Cambria Freeman, 8/5/1869
   The Ebensburg Alleghanian, 7/29/1869
   The New York Herald, 10/2/1869
   The New York Sun, 9/16/1869

1. Kenny, Kevin. Making Sense of the Molly Maguires
2. Lavelle, John P. The Hard Coal Docket 

Packer the Educator:

1. Yates, W. Ross, Asa Packer: A Perspective
2. http://www1.lehigh.edu/150/timeline/1864-1879​

1. Yates, W. Ross. Lehigh University: A History of Education in Engineering, Business, and the Human Condition
2. Whelan, Frank, and Lance E. Metz. The Diaries of Robert Heysham Sayre
3. Skillman, David B. The Biography of a College; Being the History of the First Century of the Life of Lafayette College
4. Newspapers:
   The Scientific American, 6/14/1879
   The North American, 11/25/1865
   The New York Times, 10/20/1873

1. Founder’s Day Vertical File, SC LVF F772, Lehigh University Special Collections
2. Stevens, William Bacon. The Lehigh University, Its Origins and Aims
3. Yates, W. Ross. Lehigh University: A History of Education in Engineering, Business, and the Human Condition

1. ​http://catalog.lehigh.edu/overviewfrompastandpresent/academicandresearchfacilities/
2. Stevens, William Bacon. The Lehigh University, Its Origins and Aims
3. http://library.lehigh.edu/omeka/exhibits/show/lindy/intro/int
4. Yates, W. Ross. Lehigh University: A History of Education in Engineering, Business, and the Human Condition

1. http://www.higher-ed.org/resources/Yale/1828_curriculum.pdf
2. Rudolph, Frederick. The American College and University: A History
3. Geiger, Roger L. “New Themes in the History of Nineteenth-Century Colleges”. The American College in the Nineteenth Century. Ed. Roger L. Geiger. Nashville: Vanderbilt UP, 2000.

1. http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=33
2. Lucas, Christopher J. American Higher Education: A History
3. https://archive.org/details/ournationalschoo00gilm
4. Geiger, Roger L., “The Era of Multipurpose Colleges in American Higher Education, 1850-1890”. The American College in the Nineteenth Century. Ed. Roger L. Geiger. Nashville: Vanderbilt UP, 2000.
5. Geiger, Roger L., “The Rise and Fall of Useful Knowledge”. The American College in the Nineteenth Century. Ed. Roger L. Geiger. Nashville: Vanderbilt UP, 2000.
6. Williams, Mary Wilhelmine. Dom Pedro the Magnanimous, Second Emperor of Brazil
7. Newspapers:
   The Philadelphia Inquirer, 6/27/1876
   The Carbon Advocate, 8/28/1875

1. ​http://www.lehigh.edu/library/speccoll/asa_packer_books/lastwill.pdf
2. Cole, Robert C. Asa Packer
3. Lucas, Christopher J. American Higher Education: A History
4. Thelin, John R. Philanthropy and American Higher Education
5. Newspapers:
   The Columbian, 9/16/1897

1. Lucas, Christopher J. American Higher Education: A History
2. Rudolph, Frederick. The American College and University: A History
3. Nash, Margaret A. “A Salutary Rivalry”. The American College in the Nineteenth Century. Ed. Roger L. Geiger. Nashville: Vanderbilt UP, 2000.
4. http://www.lehigh.edu/~in40yrs/history/
5. Newspapers:
   The New York Sun, 9/16/1869

1. Lucas, Christopher J. American Higher Education: A History
2. Yates, W. Ross. Lehigh University: A History of Education in Engineering, Business, and the Human Condition
3. Rudolph, Frederick. The American College and University: A History

Packer the Victorian:

Packer's Philosophy Part I: Religion

1. Cox, Jeffrey. "Worlds of Victorian Religion." The Victorian World (n.d.): n. pag. Web.
2. Smith, Gary Scott. "The Early National Era and the Second Great Awakening." Heaven in the American Imagination (2011): 47-69. Web.
3. Wacker, Grant. Religion in Nineteenth Century America. New York: Oxford UP, 2000. Print.
4. Yates, W. Ross. Asa Packer: A Perspective. Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh U, 1983. Print.

Packer's Philosophy Part II: Philanthropy

1. "Chapter 2. The Coming of Mass Philanthropy." A History Philanthropy in America: A History (n.d.): n. pag. Web.
2. ​Mathews, Alfred, and Austin N. Hungerford. History of the Counties of Lehigh and Carbon, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: Everts & Richards, 1884.
3. Zunz, Olivier. "Philanthropy in America: A History." (2014): n. pag. Web.

Sarah Packer and Victorian Womanhood

1. "Cult of Domesticity." Encyclopedia of Religion in America (n.d.): n. pag. Web.
2. McDannell, Colleen. The Christian Home in Victorian America: 1840-1900. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Pr., 1986.
3. "Religion and Morals." The Victorian Novel (n.d.): 50-58. Web.
4. Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll. Disorderly Conduct: Visions of Gender in Victorian America. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1985. Print.
5. Yates, W. Ross. Asa Packer: A Perspective. Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University, 1983.

Asa Packer the ‘“Self-Made Man” and Victorian Masculinity

1. Carroll, Bret E. American Masculinities: A Historical Encyclopedia. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2003.
2. Catano, James V. "The Rhetoric of Masculinity: Origins, Institutions, and the Myth of the Self-Made Man." College English 52, no. 4 (1990): 421. Accessed August 8, 2016. doi:10.2307/377660. (421-424)
3. Louttit, Chris. "Working-Class Masculinity and the Victorian Novel." The Victorian Novel and Masculinity. doi:10.1057/9781137491541.0005.
4. Victorian Masculinity. Place of Publication Not Identified: Acu Publishing, 2012
5. Wyllie, Irvin G. "The Self-made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches." American Journal of Sociology 61, no. 2 (1955): 166-67. Accessed June 9, 2016. doi:10.1086/221703.

The Golden Wedding and Victorian Displays of Wealth

1. Erbsen, Wayne. Manners & Morals of Victorian America. Asheville, NC: Native Ground Books & Music, 2009.
2. Mathews, Alfred, and Austin N. Hungerford. History of the Counties of Lehigh and Carbon, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: Everts & Richards, 1887
3. "The Homes of America. Some Pennsylvania Houses." The Art Journal (1875-1887), New Series, 3 (1877): 260-67
4. ​Van Blarcom, Craig Wilson. 1997. Homage at a home altar: The golden wedding anniversary of asa and sarah packer.http://search.proquest.com/docview/304346724?accountid=12043.