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• 1 2016-11-23T12:54:50-05:00 The Evidences of Spiritualism 7 plain 2016-12-16T20:58:55-05:00 Written by F. H. Bradley, “The Evidences of Spiritualism” appeared in the Fornightly Review in 1885. Seeking to defend spiritualism, Bradley attempts to clear up common misconceptions of spiritualist doctrine by comparing spiritualism to materialism (he very broadly and vaguely defines materialism as a philosophical belief that requires human matter as proof of existence). Tromp accurately states that one effect of spiritualism (and of séances) “was to call into question the stability of the categories spiritual and material” (67). Bradley, while distinguishing between materialism and spiritualism as philosophies, he also explains how the two are genealogically connected in history. This text provides an excellent example of how thoroughly spiritualists sought to prove their beliefs through philosophical reasoning and in this case, to reconcile these beliefs with more established/traditional forms of discourse.