Summary of Rabindranath Tagore, "Mashi and Other Stories" (1918)
Mashi (Tags: dysfunctional marriages, seeing things as they are/ cold truth vs. webs of illusions; “There is a God!”)
Jotin is a young man on his deathbed, tenderly cared for by his devoted maternal aunt, Mashi. Jotin is deeply in love with his young, frivolous wife, Mani, and is desperate for any sign of her affection as he nears the end of his life. However, Mani is largely indifferent to his suffering; she finds the sickroom "deadly dull" and insists on leaving for her father's house to attend a family ceremony. To protect Jotin from the devastating realization of his wife’s coldness, Mashi constructs an elaborate web of falsehoods.
'No, that won't do. I shall never let you go to him in that frame of mind.... Oh, you wretch! the man you are torturing is soon to leave this world; but I warn you, you will remember this day till the end of your days! That there is a God! that there is a God! you will some day understand!'
'Mashi, you mustn't curse me like that.'
'Oh, my darling boy! my darling! why do you go on living longer? There is no end to this sin, yet I cannot check it!'
* * * * *
Mashi after delaying a little returned to the sick-room, hoping by that time Jotin would be asleep. But Jotin moved in his bed when she entered. Mashi exclaimed:
'Just look what she has done!'
'What's happened? Hasn't Mani come? Why have you been so long, Mashi?'
'I found her weeping bitterly because she had allowed the milk for your soup to get burnt! I tried to console her, saying, "Why, there's more milk to be had!" But that she could be so careless about the preparation of your soup made her wild. With great trouble I managed to pacify her and put her to bed. So I haven't brought her to-day. Let her sleep it off.'
She tells Jotin that Mani is constantly weeping for him, staying up late to cook his soup, and knitting him a woollen shawl, when in reality, Mani has abandoned him to enjoy the festivities.
Here is a passage showing Mashi first criticizing Mani for her lack of care and then attempting to explain her absence to Jotin:
'No, that won't do. I shall never let you go to him in that frame of mind.... Oh, you wretch! the man you are torturing is soon to leave this world; but I warn you, you will remember this day till the end of your days! That there is a God! that there is a God! you will some day understand!'
'Mashi, you mustn't curse me like that.'
'Oh, my darling boy! my darling! why do you go on living longer? There is no end to this sin, yet I cannot check it!'
* * * * *
Mashi after delaying a little returned to the sick-room, hoping by that time Jotin would be asleep. But Jotin moved in his bed when she entered. Mashi exclaimed:
'Just look what she has done!'
'What's happened? Hasn't Mani come? Why have you been so long, Mashi?'
'I found her weeping bitterly because she had allowed the milk for your soup to get burnt! I tried to console her, saying, "Why, there's more milk to be had!" But that she could be so careless about the preparation of your soup made her wild. With great trouble I managed to pacify her and put her to bed. So I haven't brought her to-day. Let her sleep it off.'
Jotin finds immense comfort in these lies, imagining Mani’s heart is finally awakening to him and cherishing the shawl as a symbol of her touch. However, the illusion eventually shatters when a servant inadvertently reveals that Mani actually left for Sitarampur three days ago. Jotin is momentarily crushed by the truth, realizing the "heaven" Mashi built out of falsehood has toppled, yet he finds final solace in Mashi’s genuine, lifelong love. In his last moments, he expresses a desire to be reunited with Mashi in a future life, acknowledging her as the one who truly "made" him. Just as he passes away, Mani returns and there is some ambiguity about what happens in the final scene. We will quote it here
'No, Mashi, I can't let you go.'
'All right, Baba! I will sit quietly in that corner.'
'No, no! you must sit by my side. I can't let go your hand, not till the very end. I have been made by your hand, and only from your hand shall God take me.'
'All right,' said the doctor, 'you can remain there. But, Jotin Babu, you must not talk to her. It's time for you to take your medicine.'
'Time for my medicine? Nonsense! The time for that is over. To give medicine now is merely to deceive; besides I am not afraid to die. Mashi, Death is busy with his physic; why do you add another nuisance in the shape of a doctor? Send him away, send him away! It is you alone I need now! No one else, none whatever! No more falsehood!'
'I protest, as a doctor, this excitement is doing you harm.'
'Then go, doctor, don't excite me any more!--Mashi, has he gone?... That's good! Now come and take my head in your lap.'
'All right, dear! Now, Baba, try to sleep!'
'No, Mashi, don't ask me to sleep. If I sleep, I shall never wake. I still need to keep awake a little longer. Don't you hear a sound? Somebody is coming.'
V
'Jotin dear, just open your eyes a little. She has come. Look once and see!'
'Who has come? A dream?'
'Not a dream, darling! Mani has come with her father.'
'Who are you?'
'Can't you see? This is your Mani!'
'Mani? Has that door opened?'
'Yes, Baba, it is wide open.'
'No, Mashi, not that shawl! not that shawl! That shawl is a fraud!'
'It is not a shawl, Jotin! It is our Mani, who has flung herself on your feet. Put your hand on her head and bless her. Don't cry like that, Mani! There will be time enough for that. Keep quiet now for a little.'
The Skeleton (Tags: romantic suicide, discourse of science)
The story begins with a narrator staying in a room where a human skeleton once hung as a tool for medical students. During a sleepless night, he
experiences a vivid visitation from the spirit of the woman to whom the bones belonged. She recounts her life story, describing herself as a young widow endowed with a rare and radiant beauty that she compared to a "golden champak blossom". She lived a lonely, vain existence in her brother’s house, imagining that the whole world was in love with her and viewing all young men as "blades of grass" at her feet. Her world eventually narrowed down to a single focus: Shekhar, her brother's friend and a doctor.
She believed Shekhar was in love with her, but she was deeply insulted when she discovered he was planning to marry an heiress for her money. Concealing her rage with a mask of laughter, she encouraged her brother to provide grand music and lights for Shekhar’s wedding. On the night of the marriage, she poisoned Shekhar's wine and then prepared her own deathbed under a tree, dressed in her finest bridal silk and gold. She died with a carefully rehearsed smile, imagining she would enter her "eternal bridal-chamber" in a state of glowing loveliness. Instead, she laments that she woke to the sound of children learning osteology from her dry bones, where the clinical pointer of a teacher replaced the "petals of youth" that once bloomed in her bosom.
Here is the end of the story:
'The music struck up. I went into my room and dressed myself in my bridal-robes of silk and gold. I took out my jewellery and ornaments from the safe and put them all on; I put the red mark of wifehood on the parting in my hair. And then under the tree in the garden I prepared my bed.
'It was a beautiful night. The gentle south wind was kissing away the weariness of the world. The scent of jasmine and bela filled the garden with rejoicing.
'When the sound of the music began to grow fainter and fainter; the light of the moon to get dimmer and dimmer; the world with its lifelong associations of home and kin to fade away from my perceptions like some illusion;--then I closed my eyes, and smiled.
'I fancied that when people came and found me they would see that smile of mine lingering on my lips like a trace of rose-coloured wine, that when I thus slowly entered my eternal bridal-chamber I should carry with me this smile, illuminating my face. But alas for the bridal-chamber! Alas for the bridal-robes of silk and gold! When I woke at the sound of a rattling within me, I found three urchins learning osteology from my skeleton. Where in my bosom my joys and griefs used to throb, and the petals of youth to open one by one, there the master with his pointer was busy naming my bones. And as to that last smile, which I had so carefully rehearsed, did you see any sign of that?
'Well, well, how did you like the story?'
'It has been delightful,' said I.
At this point the first crow began to caw. 'Are you there?' I asked. There was no reply.
The morning light entered the room.
The Auspicious Vision (Tags: disability)
Kantichandra, a wealthy widower who has turned to hunting to distract himself from his grief, encounters a village girl of "rare freshness" while shooting near a swamp.
One morning as Kanti was seated in his boat cleaning a favourite gun, he suddenly started at what he thought was the cry of wild duck. Looking up, he saw a village maiden, coming to the water's edge, with two white ducklings clasped to her breast. The little stream was almost stagnant. Many weeds choked the current. The girl put the birds into the water, and watched them anxiously. Evidently the presence of the sportsmen was the cause of her care and not the wildness of the ducks.
The girl's beauty had a rare freshness--as if she had just come from Vishwakarma's [The divine craftsman in Hindu mythology] workshop. It was difficult to guess her age. Her figure was almost a woman's, but her face was so childish that clearly the world had left no impression there. She seemed not to know herself that she had reached the threshold of youth.
Kanti's gun-cleaning stopped for a while. He was fascinated. He had not expected to see such a face in such a spot. And yet its beauty suited its surroundings better than it would have suited a palace. A bud is lovelier on the bough than in a golden vase.
He observes her tenderly releasing ducklings into the water and later finds her in a quiet yard, sobbing over a wounded dove. Enchanted by her beauty and her deep sense of pity, Kanti assumes her name is Sudha after hearing a voice from the house call out to her. Driven by this fascination, he approaches her father, Nabin Banerji, and proposes marriage to his daughter, Sudha, without ever formally meeting her.
Kanti decides to wait until the wedding ceremony's "Auspicious Vision" to look upon his bride's face for the first time. When the veil is finally lifted, however, he is horrified to realize that the bride is not the girl he saw by the river. He initially suspects his father-in-law of a bait-and-switch, but he soon realizes the mistake was entirely his own. The mystery is resolved when the girl he had originally admired wanders into the room chasing a leveret, showing the same affectionate murmuring he had witnessed before. Kanti eventually learns that this girl is deaf and dumb, a friend to all local animals, and she had only appeared to respond to the name "Sudha" by sheer coincidence. Relieved of his burden, Kanti looks again at his actual bride and finds her face truly gracious and radiant, fulfilling her father's blessing.
The Supreme Night (tags: British colonial administration, nationalist politics, country vs. city, Calcutta, floods/typhoon storms)
The narrator and Surabala were childhood playmates who "played at marriage," a common village expectation. However, the narrator, fueled by high-minded political ambitions, left for Calcutta to become a "Mazzini or a Garibaldi".
But in my heart I disliked the proposal. Nilratan of our village had run away to Calcutta, had learnt English there, and finally became the Nazir [Superintendent of Bailiffs] of the District Magistrate; that was my life's ideal: I was secretly determined to be the Head Clerk of the Judge's Court, even if I could not become the Magistrate's Nazir.
I saw that my father always treated these court officers with the greatest respect. I knew from my childhood that they had to be propitiated with gifts of fish, vegetables, and even money. For this reason I had given a seat of high honour in my heart to the court underlings, even to the bailiffs. These are the gods worshipped in our Bengal,--a modern miniature edition of the 330 millions of deities of the Hindu pantheon. For gaining material success, people have more genuine faith in them than in the good Ganesh, the giver of success; hence the people now offer to these officers everything that was formerly Ganesh's due.
He rejected his father's plan for a humble career as a rent collector and refused to marry Surabala when the opportunity arose, prioritizing his education and a secret vow of lifelong celibacy for his country. He gets introduced to politics after moving to Calcutta to study:
In addition, I joined political and benevolent societies. I had no doubt whatever that it was urgently necessary for me to give my life suddenly for my country. But I knew not how such a hard task could be carried out. Also no one showed me the way.
But, nevertheless, my enthusiasm did not abate at all. We country lads had not learnt to sneer at everything like the precocious boys of Calcutta, and hence our faith was very strong. The 'leaders' of our associations delivered speeches, and we went begging for subscriptions from door to door in the hot blaze of noon without breaking our fast; or we stood by the roadside distributing hand-bills, or arranged the chairs and benches in the lecture-hall, and, if anybody whispered a word against our leader, we got ready to fight him. For these things the city boys used to laugh at us as provincials.
I had come to Calcutta to be a Nazir or a Head Clerk, but I was preparing to become a Mazzini or a Garibaldi.
At this time Surabala's father and my father laid their heads together to unite us in marriage. I had come to Calcutta at the age of fifteen; Surabala was eight years old then. I was now eighteen, and in my father's opinion I was almost past the age of marriage. But it was my secret vow to remain unmarried all my life and to die for my country; so I told my father that I would not marry before I had finished my education.
Consequently, Surabala married a pleader named Ram Lochan Ray.
Years later, the narrator becomes a second master in a small-town school, his grand dreams reduced to the monotony of correcting grammar exercises. He discovers Surabala living nearby and is overcome with intense regret, realizing that the woman he once neglected could have been his closest companion. A catastrophic tidal wave and storm strike the town while her husband is away. In the chaos, the narrator and Surabala both flee to the highest point available—a small embankment. On this tiny "island," surrounded by a roaring torrent of death, the two stand together in absolute silence for the entire night. Without speaking, they experience a profound "eternal bliss" of mutual recognition and shared destiny. As morning breaks and the flood abates, Surabala returns to her home, and the narrator finds solace in the fact that this one "supreme night" provided the glory of his humble existence.
Raja and Rani (Theater / performance, Musicianship, Maharajahs, Jealousy)
Bipin Kisore, a handsome and musically talented man born to wealth, squanders his fortune and finds himself "unfit for life's handicap". He is
taken in by Raja Chittaranjan, who is forming an amateur theater party. The Raja becomes so captivated by Bipin's musical skill that he begins to neglect his own structured life, much to the annoyance of his wife, Rani Basanta Kumari. The Rani initially views Bipin with "apathetic and wilful neglect," regarding him as a "luckless baboon". This disdain filters down to the servants, who mistreat Bipin, forcing him to scour his own dishes and often go without food.
The dynamic shifts dramatically after a performance where Bipin plays Arjuna; the Rani is struck by his noble appearance and rare voice. Her attitude transforms into concern and admiration, and she begins to insist on better care for him. However, this newfound favor triggers intense jealousy in the Raja. He, who previously sang Bipin's praises, now begins to deprecate his merits and encourages the servants to neglect him again. The tension culminates when the Raja discovers the Rani reading Bipin's songbook. In a fit of petty spite, the Raja abruptly dismisses Bipin, ignoring his friend's sincere attachment and leaving him destitute. Bipin, unable to understand the cause of this "sudden estrangement," picks up his guitar and wanders back into the "wide wide world," a victim of the shifting whims and jealousies of the royal couple.
The Trust Property (Tags: Property/ inheritance, miserliness, greed, tragic misrecognition)
This story depicts the extreme miserliness of Jaganath Kundu, whose frugality leads to a rift with his son, Brindaban. When Brindaban's wife falls ill, Jaganath refuses to pay for costly medicine, leading to her death. Enraged, Brindaban leaves home, taking his young son Gokul with him. Though Jaganath initially enjoys the reduced household expenses, he eventually finds his empty house intolerable and longs for his grandson. Years later, he encounters a runaway boy named Nitai Pal, whose mischievous spirit reminds him of Gokul. Jaganath takes Nitai in, promising to leave the boy his property.
Fearful that Nitai's father might find him, Jaganath decides to hide the boy and his treasure. He takes Nitai to a secret underground chamber in a ruined temple at midnight. There, Jaganath reveals his hoard of gold and performs a ritual, smearing the boy with sandal paste and vermilion while reciting "mantras". He tricks Nitai into swearing a vow to protect the treasure for Jaganath's heirs. Jaganath then seals the boy inside the chamber, removing the ladder and closing the stone slab, intending for Nitai to become a "Yak"—a supernatural, ghostly custodian of the wealth. Immediately after, Brindaban arrives, revealing that he had changed his identity and that Nitai Pal was actually Gokul. The realization that he has buried his own grandson alive drives Jaganath to permanent madness. He spends his final years haunted by the boy's imagined wailing, eventually dying while hallucinating about the missing ladder.
The Riddle Solved (Tags: Zemindars, modernization, family secrets, cross-religious romance, Muslims and Hindus, reputation)
Krishna Gopal Sircar, a famously pious and benevolent landlord, retires to Benares, leaving his estates to his son, Bipin Bihari. Bipin, a university-educated man of "strict principles," adopts a rigid, commercial approach to estate management, refusing to grant the rent remissions or grace periods his father once allowed. He is particularly incensed by Asimuddin, a refractory Mohammedan tenant who holds rent-free land granted by Krishna Gopal for reasons the estate clerks cannot explain. Bipin views these concessions as evidence that his "tender-hearted" father was swindled and initiates a relentless legal campaign to reclaim the land.
Asimuddin’s mother, the widow Mirza Bibi, unsuccessfully pleads with Bipin to treat Asimuddin like a "younger brother". The litigation ruins Asimuddin, and in a fit of desperation, he attempts to attack Bipin in a crowded market. Asimuddin is arrested, and a high-profile trial is set. Just before the trial begins, Krishna Gopal arrives from Benares and privately commands Bipin to acquit Asimuddin and restore his lands. When Bipin demands an explanation for this special favor, his father reveals the "riddle": Asimuddin is Krishna Gopal's own son and Bipin's half-brother. Bipin is dumbfounded and arranges for the case to end in a fiasco, restoring Asimuddin's property. However, the revelation shatters the local community’s image of Krishna Gopal’s piety; his former beneficiaries conclude that his "magnanimity" was merely a cloak for hypocrisy, leading them to feel a cynical relief that even "pious" men are flawed.
The Elder Sister (property/inheritance drama, disobedient wives and villainous husbands, illness, murder, cholera as a ruse for violent death, benevolent British magistrates, proper child-rearing)
Sasikala (Sasi) is the petted daughter of a wealthy family whose life changes when her parents have a son, Nilmani, in their old age. After her
parents pass away, Sasi becomes a devoted "elder sister" and maternal figure to the motherless boy. Her husband, Joygopal, returns from a long stint in Assam to manage the family property, but he resents Nilmani, viewing the child’s inheritance as a barrier to his own ambition. While Sasi’s love for her husband is renewed by their reunion, a silent conflict grows over Nilmani; Joygopal treats the boy with "apathetic and wilful neglect" while Sasi compensates with intense affection.
The situation escalates when Sasi discovers that Joygopal has conspired to fraudulently purchase Nilmani’s property in a cousin’s name. When Nilmani falls dangerously ill, Joygopal provides inadequate medical care and attempts to leave for a lawsuit. Sasi defies social norms and her husband’s authority, fleeing with the sick boy to a town doctor to save his life.
The doctor was at home--he had not left the town. He quickly found lodgings for her, and having installed her under the care of an elderly widow, undertook the treatment of the boy.
The next day Joygopal arrived. Blazing with fury, he ordered his wife to return home with him at once.
'Even if you cut me to pieces, I won't return,' replied his wife. 'You all want to kill my Nilmani, who has no father, no mother, none other than me, but I will save him.'
'Then you remain here, and don't come back to my house,' cried Joygopal indignantly.
Sasi at length fired up. 'Your house! Why, 'tis my brother's!'
'All right, we'll see,' said Joygopal. The neighbours made a great stir over this incident. 'If you want to quarrel with your husband,' said Tara, 'do so at home. What is the good of leaving your house? After all, Joygopal is your husband.'
Realizing Joygopal has also transferred the rest of the boy’s estate into his own name, Sasi makes a desperate appeal to a British Magistrate during his village tour. She formally resigns her "helpless brother" into the Magistrate’s custody to protect his future.
At noon, Joygopal, dressed in trousers, chapkan,[31] and pagri,[32] went to pay his salams to the Saheb. A crowd of suitors, chaprasies,[33] and constables stood about him. Fearing the heat, the Saheb had seated himself at a court-table outside the tent, in the open shade, and placing Joygopal in a chair, questioned him about the state of the village. Having taken the seat of honour in open view of the community, Joygopal swelled inwardly, and thought it would be a good thing if any of the Chakrabartis or Nandis came and saw him there.
[31] A chapkan is a long coat.
[32] Turban.
[33] Servants.
At this moment, a woman, closely veiled, and accompanied by Nilmani, came straight up to the Magistrate. She said: 'Saheb, into your hands I resign my helpless brother. Save him.' The Saheb, seeing the large-headed, solemn boy, whose acquaintance he had already made, and thinking that the woman must be of a respectable family, at once stood up and said: 'Please enter the tent.'
The woman said: 'What I have to say I will say here.'
Joygopal writhed and turned pale. The curious villagers thought it capital fun, and pressed closer. But the moment the Saheb lifted his cane they scampered off.
Holding her brother by the hand, Sasi narrated the history of the orphan from the beginning. As Joygopal tried to interrupt now and then, the Magistrate thundered with a flushed face, 'Chup rao,' and with the tip of his cane motioned to Joygopal to leave the chair and stand up.
Joygopal, inwardly raging against Sasi, stood speechless. Nilmani nestled up close to his sister, and listened awe-struck.
When Sasi had finished her story, the Magistrate put a few questions to Joygopal, and on hearing his answers, kept silence for a long while, and then addressed Sasi thus: 'My good woman, though this matter may not come up before me, still rest assured I will do all that is needful about it. You can return home with your brother without the least misgiving.'
Sasi said: 'Saheb, so long as he does not get back his own home, I dare not take him there. Unless you keep Nilmani with you, none else will be able to save him.'
'And what would you do?' queried the Saheb.
'I will retire to my husband's house,' said Sasi; 'there is nothing to fear for me.'
The Saheb smiled a little, and, as there was nothing else to do, agreed to take charge of this lean, dusty, grave, sedate, gentle Bengali boy whose neck was ringed with amulets.
Sasi returns to her husband's home to face the consequences, but she dies suddenly of "cholera" and is cremated overnight (the unstated implication is that cholera is a ruse and she was actually murdered by her angry husband). Though the villagers are silenced, the story implies a tragic end for the woman who sacrificed everything for her brother.
Subha (stigma of disability, secret power, country vs. city, second wives/ polygamy
The youngest daughter of Banikantha, Subhashini—called Subha—is ironically named "sweetly speaking," for she was born dumb. While her father loves her, her mother views her as a "stain upon her own body," and the village treat her as a silent, unfeeling weight. Subha finds her voice in the natural world; the murmur of the river, the rustle of trees, and the lowing of her two faithful cows, Sarbbashi and Panguli, become her language.
When we express our thought in words, the medium is not found easily. There must be a process of translation, which is often inexact, and then we fall into error. But black eyes need no translating; the mind itself throws a shadow upon them. In them thought opens or shuts, shines forth, or goes out in darkness, hangs steadfast like the setting moon, or, like the swift and restless lightning, illumines all quarters of the sky. They who from birth have had no other speech than the trembling of their lips learn a language of the eyes, endless in expression, deep as the sea, clear as the heavens, wherein play dawn and sunset, light and shadow. The dumb have a lonely grandeur like Nature's own. Wherefore the other children almost dreaded Subha, and never played with her. She was silent and companionless as noontide.
[...]
But here Nature fulfilled her want of speech, and spoke for her. The murmur of the brook, the voice of the village folk, the songs of the boatmen, the crying of the birds and rustle of trees mingled, and were one with the trembling of her heart. They became one vast wave of sound, which beat upon her restless soul. This murmur and movement of Nature were the dumb girl's language; that speech of the dark eyes, which the long lashes shaded, was the language of the world about her. From the trees, where the cicalas chirped, to the quiet stars there was nothing but signs and gestures, weeping and sighing. And in the deep mid-noon, when the boatmen and fisherfolk had gone to their dinner, when the villagers slept, and birds were still, when the ferry-boats were idle, when the great busy world paused in its toil, and became suddenly a lonely, awful giant, then beneath the vast impressive heavens there were only dumb Nature and a dumb girl, sitting very silent--one under the spreading sunlight, the other where a small tree cast its shadow.
But Subha was not altogether without friends. In the stall were two cows, Sarbbashi and Panguli. They had never heard their names from her lips, but they knew her footfall. Though she had no words, she murmured lovingly and they understood her gentle murmuring better than all speech.
She also forms a quiet friendship with Pratap, a lazy youth who appreciates Subha as a silent companion while he fishes. Subha secretly longs for a miracle to "startle Pratap" and prove her worth, imagining herself as a water nymph in a city of jewels.
As Subha grows into womanhood, her parents face social pressure to marry her off or risk being outcasted. She is taken to Calcutta, where she is "inspected" by a prospective bridegroom. The man mistake her tears for a sign of a "tender heart" and marries her without realizing she cannot speak. Within ten days, the truth is discovered. Subha finds herself in a strange land with no one who understands her "language of the eyes". Her husband, feeling deceived, soon marries a second wife who can speak, leaving the silent, heartbroken Subha in a state of "endless, voiceless weeping" that only God can hear. The story highlights the "lonely grandeur" of the dumb girl and the cruelty of a society that views her only as a commodity or a curse.
The River Stairs (Child widows, Charistmatic ascetics, forbidden romance, romantic suicide, ghats)
This story is narrated from the perspective of the river steps (the ghat) on the banks of the Ganges, which has witnessed the life of a girl named Kusum. As a child, Kusum is a regular visitor to the river until she is married and taken away to a distant home. She returns just a year later, a widow at age eight, having lost the husband she barely knew.
In time she almost faded out of my mind. A year passed. The women at the ghât now rarely talked of Kusum. But one evening I was startled by the touch of the long familiar feet. Ah, yes, but those feet were now without anklets, they had lost their old music.
Kusum had become a widow. They said that her husband had worked in some far-off place, and that she had met him only once or twice. A letter brought her the news of his death. A widow at eight years old, she had rubbed out the wife's red mark from her forehead, stripped off her bangles, and come back to her old home by the Ganges. But she found few of her old playmates there. Of them, Bhuban, Swarno, and Amala were married, and gone away; only Sarat remained, and she too, they said, would be wed in December next.
Over the next ten years, Kusum grows into a woman of radiant beauty, though she remains veiled in the quiet, somber life of a Hindu widow. Her life changes when a tall, fair Sanyasi (ascetic) takes up residence in the local Shiva temple.
The Sanyasi gains a reputation for holiness, and Kusum becomes a devoted follower, serving the temple and listening to his religious discourses. However, she eventually begins to avoid him, appearing troubled. During a moonlit meeting on the river steps, she confesses to the Sanyasi that she is a "sinner" because she has fallen in love with him, prompted by a dream where he held her hand and spoke of love. In a moment of high tension, she realizes he is the man of her dreams and falls at his feet. The Sanyasi, maintaining his ascetic detachment, tells her he is leaving the village immediately so she may never see him again and commands her to forget him. After his departure, the story ends with a mysterious "splash" in the water under the dark night sky, implying Kusum’s tragic end in the river that had watched her grow.
Saved (jealousy, adultery, hypocritical religious figures, suicide, appearance of Sati)
Gouri is a beautiful woman from a wealthy background married to Paresh, a successful advocate whose intense jealousy and paranoia poison their marriage. Paresh keeps a constant watch over Gouri, firing servants he suspects she likes and cross-examining her maids. In response to this stifling environment, Gouri seeks solace in religion, becoming a disciple of a young, respected preacher, Paramananda Swami. When Paresh’s jealousy escalates to the point of accusing Gouri of loving the Swami and locking her in her room, she breaks out to find her Guru, though he sternly sends her back home.
The situation reaches a climax when the Swami, who has succumbed to his own hidden desires, sends Gouri a secret letter asking her to meet him by the garden tank so he can "rescue" her. Paresh discovers the letter first; the shock and rage trigger an apoplectic fit, and he dies with the letter clenched in his fist. When Gouri finds the Swami waiting at the pool at the appointed time, she experiences a moment of clarity, realizing his hypocrisy and moral fall.
At last one day the imprisoned Gouri got a letter. 'My child,' it ran, 'it is true that many holy women have left the world to devote themselves to God. Should it happen that the trials of this world are driving your thoughts away from God, I will with God's help rescue his handmaid for the holy service of his feet. If you desire, you may meet me by the tank in your garden at two o'clock to-morrow afternoon.'
Gouri hid the letter in the loops of her hair. At noon next day when she was undoing her hair before her bath she found that the letter was not there. Could it have fallen on to the bed and got into her husband's hands, she wondered. At first, she felt a kind of fierce pleasure in thinking that it would enrage him; and then she could not bear to think that this letter, worn as a halo of deliverance on her head, might be defiled by the touch of insolent hands.
With swift steps she hurried to her husband's room. He lay groaning on the floor, with eyes rolled back and foaming mouth. She detached the letter from his clenched fist, and sent quickly for a doctor.
The doctor said it was a case of apoplexy. The patient had died before his arrival.
That very day, as it happened, Paresh had an important appointment away from home. Paramananda had found this out, and accordingly had made his appointment with Gouri. To such a depth had he fallen!
When the widowed Gouri caught sight from the window of her Guru stealing like a thief to the side of the pool, she lowered her eyes as at a lightning flash. And in that flash she saw clearly what a fall his had been.
Rather than fleeing with him, she chooses a different path of "salvation." She poisons herself and is found dead beside her husband. The village, unaware of the complex reality, admires her as a "sati" whose wifely loyalty led her to die alongside her husband, ironically "saving" her reputation in death.
My Fair Neighbour (Widows, widow remarriage, power of art / poetry, Cyrano narrative, Calcutta)
The narrator of this story harbors a secret, worshipful love for a young widow living in the house next door, whom he views as a holy, dedicated figure. He writes poems to express his hidden passion but is too reverent to share them with her. Meanwhile, his friend Nabin begins writing love poems to an unknown woman and seeks the narrator's help. The narrator uses Nabin’s poems as a proxy for his own feelings, rewriting and refining them with such genuine warmth and passion that they become more his own than Nabin's.
The narrator’s perspective shifts when he sees the widow looking out with a gaze of forlorn longing, realizing she possesses the same human desires he had suppressed. This inspires him to become a vocal advocate for widow remarriage. Nabin eventually approaches him, claiming the narrator’s arguments have convinced him to lead by example and marry a widow himself. He reveals that the poems—the ones the narrator heavily revised—successfully won the woman’s heart. The narrator is overjoyed and even provides Nabin with a cheque to fund the marriage. However, the story ends in a bitter irony when Nabin finally reveals the identity of his bride: she is the narrator's own neighbor at No. 19. The narrator is devastated to realize that through his own words and financial support, he has effectively wooed his own beloved for his friend.
This page has paths:
- Detailed Summaries of Works of Fiction (and some selected nonfiction) Amardeep Singh
- Writers of the Bengal Renaissance: an Overview Amardeep Singh
- Emerging Social Movements and Nationalist Politics Amardeep Singh