1. Omaha Daily World, "The Ganymede of Bohemia," Omaha Daily World-Herald, May 10, 1890, 4.  

2. Parts of this history, including the following descriptions of Charles Pfaff, appeared previously, in a different form, in my doctoral dissertation. See Stephanie M. Blalock, "Walt Whitman at Pfaff's Beer Cellar: America's Bohemian Poet and the Contexts of Calamus" (PhD diss., The University of Iowa, July 2011). 

3. Hamilton W. Mabie, "From Bayard Taylor, Adventurer," The Bookman: A Review of Books and Life 43, no. 1 (March 1916): 55. 

4. Mark Lause, The Antebellum Crisis and America's First Bohemians (Kent, OH: Kent State UP, 2009), vii. 

5. New-York Saturday Press "Pfaff's [from the N. Y. correspondent of the Boston Saturday Express]," December 3, 1859, 2. The Vault at Pfaff's. http://lehigh.edu/pfaffs. Ed. Edward Whitley and Rob Weidman; Syracuse Journal, "Old-Time Bohemianism," September 8, 1903, 7, http://fultonhistory.com/. All articles from the New-York Saturday Press are from The Vault at Pfaff's, unless otherwise noted. 

6. New York Tribune, "The New-York Saturday Press Is published EVERY SATURDAY MORNING," February 25, 1860, [1], http://fultonhistory.com/. In 1865, the Press published Mark Twain's short story, "Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog," later titled "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." See Mark Twain, New-York Saturday Press, November 18, 1865, 248, The Vault at Pfaff's. http://lehigh.edu/pfaffs. Ed. Edward Whitley and Rob Weidman. 

7. Amanda Gailey, "Walt Whitman and the King of Bohemia: The Poet in the Saturday Press," Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 25, no. 4 (Spring 2008): 144. 

8. Frank Luther Mott, "Vanity Fair," in A History of American Magazines, 1850-1865, vol. 2 (Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 1938), 520. In the preface of the first issue of Vanity Fair, the editor proclaimed the publication would be "A pleasant tonic to be taken once a-week by the public. […]. Our road lies straight through VANITY FAIR, and we mean to do considerable execution among the dwarfs, and jugglers, and wicked giants of that institution. All that is good and pure we shall salute as we go by, and we fell convinced that by being always fearless and sincere we will pass through all places of peril unharmed, and reach in safety that triumphal arch which lies at the end of our journey." See Vanity Fair, "Preface," vol. 1, no. 1 (December 31, 1859), iii-iv. 

9. Julius Chambers, "Do Lovers of Literature Recognize Debt to Bohemia?: A Recalling of the Roll Tells Its Own Story of the New York Bohemian Club," The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 13, 1906, 5, http://fultonhistory.com/. 

10. Fitz James O'Brien, "At Pfaff's," In the Thomas Butler Gunn Diaries, vol. 13, (June 1, 1860 to September 22 1860), Missouri History Museum, St. Louis. "At Pfaff's" can be found between the pages that are numbered 72 and 73, respectively.