1. Don C. Seitz, Artemus Ward a Biography and Bibliography (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1919), 96-97.

2. Ibid, 97.

3. Theodore F. Wolfe, "Some Literary Shrines of Manhattan, II" 857-864.

4. Karen Karbiener, "Whitman at Pfaff's," 15.

5. Ibid., 15, 17; Walt Whitman, Unfinished Poem, "The Two Vaults," NUPM, 1: 454-455.

6. Eileen Reynolds, "Under the Traffic, Where Whitman Drank and Dreamed," About NYU, News Publications, and Facts, NYU Stories, http://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/nyu- stories/karen-karbiener-at-pfaff-s.html.

7. Ibid; Tim McKeough, "A New Bar, with a Nod to Whitman," New York Times, June 8, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/09/garden/a-new-bar-with-a-nod-to-whitman.html?_r=0.

8. Eileen Reynolds, "Under the Traffic, Where Whitman Drank and Dreamed."

9. J. W. Watson, "New York Bohemians: The Men and Women Who Used to Meet in Pfaff's Cellar," The Daily Inter Ocean, Aug. 12, 1888, 16, http://infotrac.galegroup.com.proxy.lib.uiowa.edu/.

10. Donaldson, Walt Whitman the Man, 209.