Chapter 12 Notes
1. "Charles Raff," United States Census, July 1870, Index and Images, New York, United States; citing p. 51, family 489, NARA microfilm publication M593, FHL microfilm 552492, FamilySearch. https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/M8FW-NWB.
2. "Charles Phaff." U. S. Census. Year: December 1870; Census Place: New York Ward 15 District 10 (2nd Enum). New York, New York; Roll M593_1033; Page: 277B; Image: 558, Family History Library Film: 552532; Ancestry.com, Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2009, http://www.ancestrylibrary.com/.
3. "Charles Raff," United States Census, July 1870, New York, New York; "Charles Phaff," United States Census, December 1870, New York, New York.
4. H. H. Hacker, (Instructor at Nazareth Hall), Nazareth Hall: an Historical Sketch and Roster of Principals, Teachers, and Pupils, Instructors at Nazareth Hall (Times Publishing Co Bethlehem, P.A. 1910), 154.
5. See, for example: "Nazareth Hall Boarding School for Boys," Harper's Weekly, August 9, 1862, 511, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html; Morning Courier and New York Enquirer, "Schools: Nazareth Hall," October 13, 1860, 2, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html.
6. New-York Daily Tribune, "Suggestions to Parents," September 2, 1873, 2, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html.
7. Ibid.
8. American Enterprise, "Rhymes at a Restaurant," January 1872, 7. http://search.ebscohost.com/.
9. American Enterprise, "Charles Pfaff's Restaurant, 653 Broadway," January 1872, 7, http://search.ebscohost.com/.
10. Mark Twain, New-York Saturday Press, November 18, 1865, 248.
11. I would like to thank the graduate student faculty of the Technical University of Dortmund for pointing out this possible interpretation of the image during the question and answer session that followed my presentation of an excerpt of this book project in November 2012.
12. Burrows and Wallace, Gotham, 416.
13. Hemstreet, Literary New York, n. p.
14. W. Harrison Bayles, Old Taverns of New York (Franklin Allaben Genealogical Company c. 1915), 429.